Executive Summary
कार्यकारी सारांश
The Bagmati River, sacred to millions in Nepal's Kathmandu Valley, is in a state of ecological crisis due to severe pollution from untreated sewage, industrial effluent, and solid waste. This degradation poses significant risks to public health, destroys aquatic ecosystems, and prevents the use of river water for agriculture, threatening the food security and livelihoods of the valley's burgeoning population.
The Bagmati River Restoration Initiative proposes an innovative, scalable, and sustainable solution leveraging AquaSai's proven Multi-Stage Recirculating Constructed Wetland (MSR) technology. This project directly addresses the Water-Energy-Food nexus by:
Water
पानी
Deploying a nature-based system to treat polluted river water, significantly improving water quality and enabling its safe reuse.
Food
खाद्य
Providing a reliable source of treated, nutrient-rich water for urban and peri-urban agriculture, enhancing food security, and creating economic opportunities.
Energy
ऊर्जा
Harvesting biomass from the wetland's specially selected plants to generate biogas, providing a renewable energy source for local communities.
Our approach is unique in its integration of phytoremediation plants native to Nepal, including species with high value in Ayurvedic and traditional medicine, creating a circular economy. This initiative is designed as a scalable social enterprise, with a strong focus on empowering women and vulnerable communities through training, employment, and new livelihood creation.
The Problem: A Sacred River in Peril
समस्या: जोखिममा रहेको पवित्र नदी
The Bagmati River is the lifeline of the Kathmandu Valley, yet it has become a de facto sewer. Decades of rapid, unplanned urbanization have overwhelmed the valley's sanitation infrastructure. Our research, supported by numerous scientific studies, confirms the critical state of the river:
Extreme Organic Pollution
चरम कार्बनिक प्रदूषण
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) levels frequently exceed 120 mg/L, far above the 6 mg/L standard for healthy aquatic life, indicating severe organic pollution.
Anoxic Conditions
अक्सिजनविहीन अवस्थाहरू
Dissolved Oxygen (DO) levels are often near zero, rendering the river incapable of supporting fish or other aquatic species.
Severe Contamination
गम्भीर दूषित
The river is contaminated with fecal coliform bacteria, heavy metals (such as lead, cadmium, and chromium), and high levels of nitrogen and phosphorus from agricultural runoff and sewage.
This crisis directly impacts the Base of the Pyramid (BoP) population. Farmers are forced to use contaminated water for irrigation, leading to tainted food supplies and health hazards. Local communities, particularly women who are often responsible for water collection and household agriculture, bear the brunt of waterborne diseases and economic hardship.
Communities living alongside polluted river sections
Kathmandu Valley site assessment
Community education and engagement
Training and capacity building
The AquaSai Solution: A Nexus-Based Approach
AquaSai समाधान: नेक्सस-आधारित दृष्टिकोण
We propose a holistic solution centered on AquaSai's MSR technology—a decentralized, nature-based water treatment system that is cost-effective, energy-efficient, and simple to operate.
Core Technology: Multi-Stage Recirculating Constructed Wetland (MSR)
मुख्य प्रविधि: मल्टी-स्टेज रिसर्क्युलेटिङ कन्स्ट्रक्टेड वेटल्यान्ड (MSR)
The pilot project will divert a controlled flow of water from a heavily polluted section of the Bagmati River into a constructed wetland. The system will consist of multiple stages:
1. Initial Settling & Screening
१. प्रारम्भिक सेटलिंग र स्क्रिनिंग
Removal of solid waste and large debris through a series of screens and a settling tank, preventing clogging in subsequent treatment stages.
2. Gravel and Sand Filtration Beds
२. गिट्टी र बालुवा फिल्ट्रेशन बेडहरू
These beds are planted with a carefully selected polyculture of phytoremediation plants. A microbial biofilm develops on the roots and filter media, breaking down organic pollutants and pathogens.
3. Recirculation System
३. पुन: संचालन प्रणाली
Water is recirculated through the stages to enhance aeration and treatment efficiency, significantly increasing DO levels and reducing BOD and COD.
4. Polishing Pond
४. पोलिसिंग पोखरी
The final stage ensures the removal of remaining pathogens and nutrients before the clean water is discharged. This pond can support aquatic plants and potentially fish, demonstrating the restored ecosystem.
Vetiver Grass
Chrysopogon zizanioides
This grass develops a massive, fine, and deep root system that is unparalleled for filtering suspended solids and trapping sediment, leading to a dramatic increase in water clarity.
Sediment Filtration
Water Hyacinth
Eichhornia crassipes
A floating aquatic plant known for its rapid growth and incredible ability to absorb heavy metals like lead, mercury, and cadmium, effectively locking them away in its biomass.
Heavy Metal Accumulator
Canna Lily
Canna indica
A powerhouse of phytoremediation, Canna Lilies have extensive root systems that are highly effective at absorbing excess nitrogen and phosphorus from the water, which are the primary pollutants in wastewater.
Nutrient RemovalAligning with the Water-Energy-Food Nexus
जल-ऊर्जा-खाद्य नेक्ससँग अलाइनमेन्ट
The Bagmati River Restoration Initiative represents a comprehensive nexus-based approach to sustainable development.
(Water) Restoring River Health & Providing Safe Irrigation
(पानी) नदीको स्वास्थ्य पुनर्स्थापना र सुरक्षित सिंचाई प्रदान
The primary output is treated water that meets Nepal's national standards for irrigation. This will allow local farmers to cultivate safe, healthy produce, breaking the cycle of contamination.
(Food) Enabling Sustainable Urban Agriculture
(खाद्य) दिगो शहरी कृषिलाई सक्षम बनाउने
The treated water, rich in plant-available nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, is ideal for agriculture. We will partner with local farming cooperatives to establish demonstration plots for high-value crops, promoting food security and increasing farmer incomes.
(Energy) Creating Renewable Energy from Waste
(ऊर्जा) फोहोरबाट नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा सिर्जना
The wetland will be planted with fast-growing species like Napier grass and water hyacinth, alongside native medicinal plants. This biomass will be regularly harvested and fed into a community-scale anaerobic digester to produce biogas for cooking and lighting. The digestate (slurry) will be used as a high-quality organic fertilizer, closing the nutrient loop.
Innovation: Integrating Traditional Medicine and Biodiversity
नवाचार: पारम्परिक औषधि र जैविक विविधता एकीकृत गर्दै
A key innovation of our project is the integration of plants from Ayurvedic, Tibetan, and Chinese traditional medicine that are native to Nepal and have known phytoremediation properties. Species like Acorus calamus (Sweet Flag) and Vetiveria zizanioides (Vetiver Grass) will not only help remove heavy metals and other toxins but also provide a source of valuable medicinal products, creating additional income streams for the community.
Implementation Plan & Budget
कार्यान्वयन योजना र बजेट
We have developed a detailed 24-month plan for the pilot project.
Phase 1: Setup & Mobilization
चरण १: सेटअप र परिचालन
Month 1-3: Site selection, community engagement, final design, permits
Phase 2: Construction
चरण २: निर्माण
Month 4-9: Earthworks, lining, installation of piping & pumps
Phase 3: Commissioning & Planting
चरण ३: कमिशनिंग र रोप्ने
Month 10-12: Planting of wetland species, system testing, operational training
Phase 4: Operation & Optimization
चरण ४: सञ्चालन र अनुकूलन
Month 13-21: Full operation, water quality monitoring, biomass harvesting
Phase 5: M&E and Scaling
चरण ५: M&E र स्केलिंग
Month 22-24: Impact assessment, business model refinement, outreach
Budget Overview
बजेट अवलोकन
| Category | Estimated Cost (USD) |
|---|---|
| Capital Expenditures (CAPEX) | |
| - Construction & Civil Works | $85,000 |
| - Pumps, Piping, and Anaerobic Digester | $40,000 |
| Operational Expenditures (OPEX) | |
| - Personnel (Project Manager, Technicians) | $35,000 |
| - Plant Saplings & Consumables | $10,000 |
| - Community Training & Workshops | $10,000 |
| - Monitoring, Evaluation & Reporting | $10,000 |
| - Contingency (10%) | $10,000 |
| Total | $200,000 |
Impact, Scalability, and Sustainability
प्रभाव, स्केलेबिलिटी, र स्थिरता
Impact Metrics
प्रभाव मेट्रिक्स
Scalability
स्केलेबिलिटी
The modular design of the AquaSai MSR system allows for easy replication and scaling. Upon successful completion of the pilot, we will work with municipalities and development partners (including the ADB and World Bank, with whom we have initiated contact) to replicate the model at multiple locations along the Bagmati and other rivers in Nepal.
Sustainability
स्थिरता
The project is designed for long-term financial sustainability. Revenue streams will be developed from:
- Sales of organic fertilizer and medicinal plants.
- A "Water Treatment as a Service" model for local industries or municipalities.
- Potential carbon credits from methane capture and emission reduction.
Conclusion
निष्कर्ष
The Bagmati River Restoration Initiative offers a tangible, high-impact opportunity to address a critical environmental and humanitarian challenge at the heart of the water-energy-food nexus. This initiative will not only restore a sacred river but also cultivate a resilient and prosperous future for the communities that depend on it. We invite you to partner with us in this transformative endeavor.
Contact Us
हामीलाई सम्पर्क गर्नुहोस्
Get Involved
संलग्न हुनुहोस्
We welcome partnerships with local communities, government agencies, NGOs, and funding organizations. If you are interested in supporting this initiative or learning more about how you can get involved, please contact us.
- Email: इमेल: aquasai@uxrzone.com
- Address: ठेगाना: Kathmandu, Nepal